For 47 years, the USS Midway and its crews served our nation during the Korean War, Vietnam War, Gulf War, and countless other operations. Imagine how many sailors and Marines traversed those decks from the time it was commissioned as the first Midway-class aircraft carrier on 10 September 1945, until it was decommissioned on 11 April 1992.
But why was the ship named the “Midway”? The answer to that, I believe, is a story that everyone here can benefit from.
All of you want to be part of “learning organizations” that can quickly adapt to a changing environment.
That was also true for the American military prior to World War II. Imagine you were a Navy Admiral in 1941. You have been invited, along with all the senior naval officers serving in Washington, to attend a breakfast at the Army-Navy Club in downtown D.C. The host is Admiral Harold Stark, Chief of Naval Operations, and the breakfast is scheduled for 0800 on Sunday, 7 December 1941. As you settle into your seat, it is 0200 in Honolulu, and the nation is at peace, but events are moving rapidly toward a conflict with Imperial Japan.
At the conclusion of the meal, Admiral Stark rose and said the following: “Gentlemen, I have been thinking a lot about the future of our Navy as danger looms globally, and I need your help. What is truly our brand? When I say United States Navy, what word or words come to your mind? What picture immediately flashes in your brain?” I have asked countless modern naval officers for their answer—everyone has said “the battleship.” To reinforce this, a few weeks before, on 29 November 1941, Navy defeated Army 14-6 in football before 100,000 people in Philadelphia Municipal Stadium. In fact, the Navy football team finished the season ranked 10th in the nation. In the program that day was a picture of a battleship. The caption read, “A bow-on view of the USS Arizona as she plows into a huge swell. It is significant that despite the claims of air enthusiasts, no battleship has yet been sunk by bombs.” The battleship was the center of Navy culture at 0800 that morning. Ten hours later, that was no longer true. The aircraft carrier was now predominant in naval warfare. The world had changed.
A little over four months later, on 18 April 1942, 16 medium-range Army Air Corps bombers were launched from the USS Hornet and bombed Tokyo, the capital of Imperial Japan. The 80 aviators involved in this mission were led by Army Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle.
Prior to Pearl Harbor, no one had ever considered launching bombers from an aircraft carrier or done any planning to make that happen. They figured it all out in a few months...
Two months later, on 4 June 1942, was the Battle of Midway. The Japanese were convinced that it was impossible for the U.S. to have launched a bombing raid against their capital from aircraft carriers, so they firmly believed the attack had come from Midway Island. Admiral Yamamoto, commander of the Imperial Japanese Navy, dispatched four carriers in a task force to capture Midway. He thought this might ensure victory for Japan. Admiral Nimitz took enormous risks and sent the remaining American carriers and a task force to intercept the Japanese.
Japan lost all four carriers during the battle that ensued. The U.S. lost one. But during the Battle of Midway, the two fleets never came within gunfire range of each other. It was aircraft carrier against aircraft carrier. Midway, ladies and gentlemen, was the turning point for the war in the Pacific.
The Japanese never recovered, and that is why this ship was named Midway.
Throughout history, the military is criticized (and rightfully so, quite frankly) for preparing for the last war or, as I like to say, the “last war that it liked.”
But the Battle of Midway is a classic example of being a learning organization at a moment of dramatic change.
Sir Michael Howard, a famous British strategic thinker, once said that success is often “the capacity to adapt oneself to the utterly unpredictable, the entirely unknown.”
Victory in war often goes to the side that can adapt the most quickly to changing conditions.
And that is what you are trying to do as well, as you adapt to the ongoing dramatic changes we are experiencing economically, socially, politically, and geopolitically to best serve your clients.
In that regard, Peter Drucker, the famous organizational theorist, once said that innovation is “change that brings on a new level of performance.” The Wright brothers invented the airplane, but the innovation was using it to deliver the mail, passengers, cargo, or for the military. The American military was innovative in the development not only of the aircraft carrier but the associated aircraft, systems to support it, and tactics to employ the carrier in battle.
Today, the United States has eleven aircraft carriers, and consequently, we are the only nation that can project and sustain large-scale military operations at great distances from our shores. In a similar fashion, you and your organizations must also be innovative in dealing with the ongoing dramatic changes of today.
I firmly believe we, as a nation, are at a major inflection point in our history, and, if you reflect on it, I also believe that such inflection points have occurred about every 75 years in our history. Furthermore, we have normally taken at least five to ten years to adjust to a new reality.
Consider the following: In 1783, American representatives signed the Treaty of Paris with the British, which ended the American Revolution and established our country as a free and independent nation—clearly an inflection point. But we did not sign our Constitution until September 1787, nearly five years later.
If you add 75 to 1783, you get 1858! Another major inflection point in our history as we moved rapidly toward the American Civil War. It began in 1860 with the secession of South Carolina and lasted nearly five years. Many might argue that the effects of this conflict are still being felt to this very day.
If you add 75 to 1865, you get 1940! Again, a major inflection point, as World War II had, in many ways, begun in Europe and Asia, though we would not formally enter the conflict until Pearl Harbor. It lasted until Japan surrendered in September 1945.
If you add 75 to 1945, what do you get? 2020, and the onset of a major global pandemic that has killed 3 million people around the world. There is little question that we are still dealing with its effects at home and around the world.
As we meet tonight, there are ongoing wars in the Middle East that many fear might escalate at any moment into a regional conflict stretching from the Mediterranean to Afghanistan. The war in Ukraine—the largest war in Europe since WWII—continues into its third year with little prospects for a return to peace. Tensions are rising in Asia due to the aggressive policies of the People’s Republic of China, and many fear a war could break out over the continued independence of Taiwan. Here at home, we are in the midst of what will clearly be one of the most contentious elections in modern history, likely to be one of the closest.
But in every crisis, there is opportunity. There are many reasons to worry or even be afraid. But there are also reasons to be optimistic.
I teach at a small college, Dickinson College, and still believe the vast majority of young people I encounter on campus are truly remarkable. They are far smarter and more talented than I was at their age. We are also witnessing remarkable changes almost daily in technology, health care, and other fields. I recently spoke with an expert on artificial intelligence who told me AI would have a greater impact on education than anything that has occurred since the invention of the book.
Let me conclude by using a quote from an old book about another time when global challenges loomed large. In 1859, Charles Dickens wrote his famous book, A Tale of Two Cities. His novel takes place from 1775 to 1792, as Europe is dealing with not only the American Revolution but also the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars that followed.
Dickens begins his novel as follows:
"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,
It was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,
It was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,
It was the season of light, it was the season of darkness,
It was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,
We had everything before us, we had nothing before us,
We were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way...."